The sultan has a largely figurehead role. Spain keeps its two coastal enclaves. Sultan Mohammed becomes king in The group has Algerian support. Algeria objects and threatens military intervention. Moroccan forces enter and occupy the territory.
Morocco and Mauritania divide-up Western Sahara. Polisario claims to have killed more than 5, Moroccan soldiers between The following decade sees much wrangling over a proposed referendum on the future of the territory but the deadlock is not broken. Spanish troops had taken the normally-uninhabited island after Moroccan soldiers landed on it and set up tents and a flag.
In the following centuries, Fes became a center of culture. In the 11th century, Berbers called the Almoravids from what is now Mauritania advanced north and conquered Morocco. Then in the 12th century, a people called Almohads rebelled against the Almoravids and they founded a new dynasty. Under the Almoravids Moroccan culture flourished. However, in the 13th century, the Almohads lost most of the Muslim territory in Spain. Only Grenada remained.
Furthermore, in the year , a people called the Merinids began to overthrow the Almohads although it was not until that they captured Marrakech and brought the old dynasty to an end. Then the same cycle followed. The Merinids eventually declined and they were overthrown. The next Berber dynasty was called the Wattasids.
They began to seize power in and they ruled all of Morocco by The next Moroccan dynasty was of Arab origin. Shereefian dynasty "Chorfa descendants of the prophet Mohamed from the Draa Valley, Marrakech was their capital. The reign of Ahmed Al Mansour Eddahbi ended in The Alawite Dynasty is descended from the Chorfa of Tafilalet, descendants of Imam Ali, who established themselves in the region, before establishing their authority over the whole country from The founder of the Dynasty and its spiritual leader Moulay Ali Cherif, as well as his successors including Mohamed Ben Ali Cherif, proclaimed first king in reunited Morocco, thereby implementing a political and military strategy accordingly.
The Sultan began by founding the city of Meknes, a city which he later designated as the capital of the Kingdom. His power will be extended to Senegal, and he ordered the establishment a network of fortresses throughout the territory. A network from which an army operated. He then devoted himself to establishing fruitful diplomatic relations. A fervent Muslim, he thought only of bringing peace and security to the country.
He was therefore welcomed as a providential man, and his proclamation assumed the character of a true plebiscite. As soon as he was invested, he lightened the taxes, struck a sound currency and reconstituted a new army recruited from the Guich tribes. Simultaneously, he worked to fortify the Moroccan ports and had took back Mazagan from the Portuguese He concluded peace with the Spaniards and an agreement on prisoners with Louis XV.
Morocco officially gained independence on 2 March after the signing of a joint declaration in Paris to replace the Treaty of Fez that had established the protectorate in After several months of fighting, the Allied forces successfully repelled the enemy troops, and the capitulation of Germany on 12 May confirmed the withdrawal of the Axis powers from North Africa.
On 15 May, authority in Tunisia was transferred to Free France. The Neo Destour Party took advantage of the post-war climate of discontent and demanded reforms, spurred on by the accession to independence of neighbouring Libya in October In , France launched a crackdown on political leaders and Bourguiba was arrested.
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