When was the Trojan War? Those who believe that the stories of the Trojan War are derived from a specific historical conflict usually date it to the 12th or 11th century BC, often preferring the dates given by Eratosthenes, — BC, which roughly corresponds with archaeological evidence of a catastrophic burning of Troy VII, and the Late.
What is Tartarus? How was Aphrodite born? Aphrodite, ancient Greek goddess of sexual love and beauty, identified with Venus by the Romans. How does Hesiod define justice? Justice exists, for Hesiod, when those that perpetrate injustice, those that incite the anger of Zeus, are punished, and when those that refrain from injustice and are pleasing to Zeus are rewarded.
Where is Hesiod from? Who is chaos in Greek mythology? Both concepts occur in the Theogony of Hesiod. Why did Archilochus throw away his shield? According to ancient tradition, he fought against Thracians on the mainland near Thasos and died when the Thasians were fighting against soldiers from the island of Naxos. In one famous poem, Archilochus tells, without embarrassment or regret, of throwing his shield away in battle.
Why did Hesiod write works and days? At its center, the Works and Days is a farmer's almanac in which Hesiod instructs his brother Perses in the agricultural arts. Scholars have seen this work against a background of agrarian crisis in mainland Greece, which inspired a wave of colonial expeditions in search of new land. How did Prometheus trick Zeus? So when Zeus decreed that man must present a portion of each animal they scarified to the gods Prometheus decided to trick Zeus.
He created two piles, one with the bones wrapped in juicy fat, the other with the good meat hidden in the hide. However, Prometheus lit a torch from the sun and brought it back again to man.
Where did Hesiod grow up? Helicon and commanded him to compose poetry, and it is likely that he combined the vocations of farmer and poet. After his father's death Hesiod was involved in a bitter dispute with his brother, Perses, about the division of the property. Later legend relates that Hesiod moved from Ascra and that he was murdered in Oenoe in Locris for having seduced a maiden; their child is said to have been the lyric poet Stesichorus.
The poet relates that the only time he traveled across the sea was to compete in a poetry contest at the funeral games of Amphidamas at Chalcis in Euboea. The dates of Hesiod's life are much disputed; some of the ancient chroniclers make him a contemporary of Homer; most modern critics date his activity not long after the Homeric epics but presumably before B.
The titles of a number of poems have come down to us under the name of Hesiod; two complete works survive, which are generally believed to be genuine. The Theogony Theogonia, or Genealogy of the Gods is a long over 1, lines narrative description of the origin of the universe and the gods.
Beginning with the aboriginal Chaos Emptiness and Gaia Earth , Hesiod describes the creation of the natural world and the generations of the gods. His account concentrates on the struggles between the generations of divine powers for dominion of the world.
Uranus Sky , the original force, is succeeded by his son, Kronos, who, at the instigation of his mother, Gaia, castrates Uranus. Kronos, in turn, is deposed after a fierce battle waged between the Olympian gods the sons and daughters of Kronos and Rhea , led by Zeus, and the Titans children of Uranus and Gaia , led by Kronos. In the course of the narrative the births of the gods, major and minor, the evolution of the natural world, and the emergence of personified abstractions like Death, Toil, and Strife are detailed.
Although many of the myths which Hesiod incorporates are extremely primitive and probably Eastern in origin, the Theogony is a successful attempt to give a rational and coherent explanation of the formation and government of the universe from its primal origins through the ultimate mastery of the cosmos by Zeus, "the father of men and gods.
The Works and Days Erga Kai Hemerai , another long poem over lines , is much more personal in tone. It is addressed to Hesiod's brother, Perses, who had taken the bigger portion of their inheritance by means of bribes to the local "kings" and then had squandered it. Around this theme of admonition to his brother, Hesiod composed a didactic poem consisting of practical advice to farmers and seafarers, maxims again, mostly practical on how to conduct oneself in everyday affairs with fellowmen, moral and ethical precepts, and warnings to the local "kings" to observe righteousness in their disposition of justice.
A long section at the end is a list of primitive taboos followed by a catalog of lucky and unlucky days. The authenticity of these lines is doubted, but they are characteristic of the unsophisticated peasant outlook.
The two major themes that Hesiod sounds again and again are the necessity for all men to be just and fair, since justice comes from Zeus, who will punish the wrongdoer, and the formula that success depends on unceasing hard work. If you desire wealth, he says, then "work with work upon work. Hesiod's view is essentially pessimistic; Ascra, his home, is "bad in winter, harsh in summer, good at no time"; and, in one famous passage, he details the five "Ages of Man.
Also included in the Works and Days is the story of Pandora, the first woman.
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